Isms of أَفْعَلُ form originated from verb are called اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيْلِ. Example-أَكْبَرُ، أَحْسَنُ، أَطْوَلُ، etc. These isms are used for comparison. Example,

Belal is better than Hamid

بِلَالٌ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ حَامِدٍ

 

Who is compared is called  مُفَضَّلٌ and with whom is compared is called مُفَضَّلٌ عَلَيْهِ

For example, in the above sentence Belal is مُفَضَّلٌ and Hamid is مُفَضَّلٌ عَلَيْهِ

 

For comparison between two مِنْ is used afterاِسْمُ التَّفْضِيْلِ   and this does not change regarding gender and number

Belal is better than Hamid

بِلَالٌ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ حَامِدٍ

Belal is a better student than Hamid.

بِلَالٌ أَحْسَنُ طَالِبٍ مِنْ حَامِدٍ

Aisha is a better student than Amina.

عَائِشَةُ أَحْسَنُ طَالِبَةٍ مِنْ آمِنَةَ

They are better students than you.

هُمْ أَفْضَلُ طُلَّابٍ مِنْكُمْ

 

Special: For “Masder” originated from three letter verb or for word of  أَفْعَلُ / فَعْلَاءُ pattern,أَكْثَرُ / أَشَدٌّ / أَعْظَمُ is added before Masder of those. Then the ism next to it will be mansub. Example,

أَشَدُّ إِيْمَانًا

إِيْمَانٌ

Much belief

Belief

أَكْثَرُ بَيَاضًا

أَبْيَضُ/بَيْضَاءُ

Much white

White

 

Comparing to all can be done in two ways:

  1. By adding ال where مُفَضَّلٌ عَلَيْهِ  is not mentioned. These change with gender and number. Its forms regarding gender and number are as follows:

Broken Plural

Well-formed Plural

Dual

Singular

 

أفَاعِلُ

أَفْعَلُوْنَ

أَفْعَلَانِ

أَفْعَلُ

Male

فُعَلٌ

فُعْلَيَاتٌ

فُعْلَيَانِ

فُعْلَى

Female

 

Some of its examples are as follows,

Allah is the greatest of all

اللهُ أكْبَرُ

The largest room is comfortable

البَيْتُ الأكْبَرُ مُرِيْحٌ

The largest room is beautiful  

الدَّارُ الكُبْرَى جَمِيْلَةٌ

The biggest martyr

الشَّهِيدُ الْأكْبَرُ

The two great martyrs

الشَّهِيْدَانِ الأَكْبَارَانِ

The greatest martyrs

الشُّهَدَاءُ الأَكَابِرُ/الأَكْبَرُوْنَ

The largest garden

الْحَدِيْقَةُ الكُبْرَى

The biggest two gardens

الْحَدِيْقَتَانِ الْكُبْرَيَانِ

The biggest gardens

الْحَدِيْقَاتُ الْكُبْرَيَاتُ/الْكُبَرُ

 

2. By adding mudaf ilaihi. If mudaf ilaihi is indefiniteاِسْمُ التَّفْضِيْلِ  is masculine and singular.

Aliya is the brightest student.

عَالِيَةُ أَحْسَنُ طَالِبَةٍ

Bilal is the most meritorious student of the class.

بِلَالٌ أَحْسَنُ طَالِبٍ فِي الْفَصْلِ

Salman’s house is the biggest.

بَيْتُ سَلْمَانَ أَكْبَرُ بَيْتٍ

Arabic is the easiest language of the world.

الْلُغَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ أَسْهَلُ لُغَةٍ فِي الْعَالَمِ

The greatest zihad is talking justly in front of a corrupt ruler.

‏أَفْضَلُ الْجِهَادِ كَلِمَةُ عَدْلٍ عِنْدَ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍ

These young men are the tallest haji.

هٰؤُلَاءِ الفِتيَةُ أَطْوَلُ حُجَّاجٍ

My lord came to me in best form.

أَتَانِي رَبِّي فِي أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ

 

If it is definite it may or may not be according to gender and number of مُفَضَّلٌ .

Mecca and Medina are more dignified than all the cities

‏الْمَكَّةُ وَالْمَدِيْنَةُ أَفْضَلُ الْمُدُنِ

Mecca and Medina are more dignified than all the cities

الْمَكَّةُ وَالْمَدِيْنَةُ أَفْضَلا الْمُدُنِ

Khadiza is more dignified than all women

خَدِيجَةُ أَفْضَلُ النِّسَاءِ

Khadiza is more dignified than all women

خَدِيجَةُ فُضْلَى النِّسَاءِ

 

Quranic example

for persecution is more serious than killing 2:191

وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ

And We are nearer to him than his jugular vein (by Our Knowledge). 50:16

وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ

And who can baptize better than Allah? 2:138

وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ صِبْغَةً

Certainly your promise is true and you are the most prudent judge.

وَإِنَّ وَعْدَكَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ

He is the most merciful

وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ

Is not Allah the best judge among all judges?

أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ

He is very swift in taking account.

وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَاسِبِينَ

He invokes him whose harm is indeed nearer than his proft. 22:13

يَدْعُو لَمَن ضَرُّهُ أَقْرَبُ مِن نَّفْعِهِ ۚ

and You are the greatest of all judges. 11:45

وَأَنتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ

am greater than you in wealth and superior in manpower. 18:34

أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا

 

Besides though خَيْرٌ (good) and شَرٌّ (bad) these two words are not of the form of أَفْعَلُ these are used for comparison. Example,

Shab-e-Qadr is better than a thousand months.

لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ

Zaid is worse than Bakar

زَيْدٌ شَرٌّ مِنْ بَكْرٍ

Zaid is the worst person

زَيْدٌ شَرٌّ النَّاسِ

 

কোর্স বিষয়বস্তু

11 চ্যাপ্টার • 112 পাঠ

Chapter-13
35 lessons

Chapter-19
1 lesson

Chapter-20
1 lesson