كَانَ is an auxiliary verb which means “was”. It is used in a nominal sentence and makes the ism murfu and the Khabar munsub. Then the mubtada is called كَانَ اِسْمُ & the Khabar is called خَبَرُ كَانَ . Example-كَانَ حَامِدٌ حَاضِرًا ‘Hamid was present. Here حَامِدٌ is كَانَ اِسْمُ and حَاضِرًا is خَبَرُ كَانَ
The form of كَانَ changes with the doer
|
كَانُوْا |
هُمْ |
كَانَا |
هُما |
كَانَ |
هُوَ |
|
كُنَّ |
هُنَّ |
كَانَتَا |
هُما |
كَانَتْ |
هِيَ |
|
كُنْتُمْ |
أَنْتُمْ |
كُنْتُمَا |
أَنْتُما |
كُنْتَ |
أَنْتَ |
|
كُنْتُنَّ |
أَنْتُنَّ |
كُنْتُمَا |
أَنْتُما |
كُنْتِ |
أَنْتِ |
|
كُنَّا |
نَحْن |
|
|
كُنْتُ |
أَنَا |
Some example:
|
Hamid was sick |
كَانَ حَامِدٌ مَرِيْضًا |
|
You were delightful |
كُنْتُمْ فَارِحِيْنَ |
|
Aisha was meritorious |
كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ ذَكِيَةً |
|
Doctors were good |
الأَطِبَّاءُ كَانُوا صَالِحِيْنَ |
|
You (both) were not happy |
مَا كُنْتُمَا فَارِحَيْنِ |
|
They were offender |
كَانُوا مُجْرِمِيْنَ |
|
The girl was not bad |
مَا كَانَتِ الفَتَاةُ فَاسِدَةً |
Quranic example-
|
Ibrahim was not a Jew and not a Christian |
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا |
|
Then it will be scattered dust. |
فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُّنبَثًّا |
|
Certainly, the hellfire will be waiting |
إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَادًا |
|
They said tell when this promise will come true if you are truthful |
وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَٰذَا الْوَعْدُ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ |
Sister of كَانَ :
|
The man became mumin in the morning. |
أَصْبَحَ الرَّجُلُ مُؤْمِنًا |
He became, he became in morning. |
أَصْبَحَ |
|
O Allah’s servant pray the Duhr salat |
أضْحُوا عِبَادَ اللهِ صَلَاةَ الضُّحٰى |
He became in afternoon. |
أَضْحَى |
|
The man became mumin in the evening |
أمْسَى الرَّجُلُ مُؤْمِنًا |
He became, he became in evening. |
أَمْسَى |
|
Then we hold on these whole day sincerely |
فَنَظَلُّ لَهَا عَاكِفِينَ |
He became in day. |
ظَلَّ |
|
And they pass the night prostrating and standing for their Lord. |
وَالَّذِينَ يَبِيتُونَ لِرَبِّهِمْ سُجَّدًا وَقِيَامًا |
He became in night. |
بَاتَ |
|
Hamid is not sick |
لَيْسَ حَامِدٌ مَرِيْضًا |
is not |
لَيْسَ |
|
People are still hopeful. |
مَا زَالَ الشَّعْبُ مُتَفَائِلاً |
still |
مَا زَالَ |
|
Hamid is still sick |
لَا يَزَالُ حَامِدٌ مَرِيْضًا |
still |
لَا يَزَالُ |
|
The boy became youth |
صَارَ الوَلَدُ شَابَّا |
to be |
صَارَ |
|
As long as the man speak lie I will not listen to anything. |
مَادَامَ الرَّجُلُ يَكْذِبُ مَا أسْمَعُ شَيْئًا |
as long as |
مَادَامَ |
Sometimes أَصْبَحَ is used only to mean “became”. Example:
|
Then you became brother for his favor. |
فَاَصْبَحْتُمْ بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا |
Quranic Example:
|
so it was reduced to ashes. 68:20 |
فَأَصْبَحَتْ كَالصَّرِيمِ |
|
Then next morning he was fearful in the city 28:18 |
فَأَصْبَحَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ خَائِفًا |
|
And the heart of Moses’ mother ached 28:10 |
وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ فَارِغًا |
|
then he became among the losers 5:30 |
فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ |
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