Some characteristics of Mubtada and Khabr are:
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1. Mubtada can be اِسْمٌ orضَمِيرٌ orالْمَصْدَرُ الْمُؤَوَّلُ orالاِسْمُ الإسْتِفْهَامُ |
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اِسْمٌ |
اللهُ رَبُّنَا |
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ضَمِيرٌ |
نَحْنُ طُلَّابٌ |
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الْمَصْدَرُ الْمُؤَوَّلُ |
وَأَنْ تَعْفُوْا أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى |
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الاِسْمُ الإسْتِفْهَامُ |
كَيْفَ حَالُكَ؟ |
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2. In general, Mubtada is definite, but it can also be indefinite, as follows: |
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If the Khabar is jar-majrur/ jarf-majrur khabar and it comes before |
تَحْتَ الْمَكْتَبِ سَاعَةٌ |
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فِيْ الْغُرْفَةِ رَجُلٌ |
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If the Mubtada is الاسْمُ الإِسْتِفْهَامُ |
مَنْ مَرِيْضٌ؟ |
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كَمْ طَالِبًا فِيْ الْفَصْلِ؟ |
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After the interrogative أ
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أَ أَقْرَبٌ فِي الفَصْلِ؟ |
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أَإِلَٰهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ؟ |
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If mubtada is مَنْعُوتٌ |
كِتَابٌ جَدِيْدٌ عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ |
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If mubtada is for dua |
وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ |
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If it comes as mudaf |
قَلَمُ طَالِبٍ مَكْسُوْرٌ |
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If it comes after negative |
مَا ظَالِمٌ نَاجِحاً |
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3. Khabar may come before in the following cases:
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4. Mubtada or Khabar is removed. Example: for the answer of مَا اِسْمُكَ؟ only مُحَمَّدٌ is used.
5. Mubtada and Khabar can interchange their places.
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Points To be considered:
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هَلْ لَدَيْكَ سُؤَالٌ Do you have any question? Here هَلْ is Harful Istifham, it has no place in grammar. لَدَيْكَ is Khabr and سُؤَالٌ is Mubtada.
· أَفَأَذْهَبُ أَمْ أَحْضُرُ الدَّرْسَ؟ Shall I go or attend the lesson? Here فَ is حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ it comes afterأَ because nothing comes before it. However, if there is هَلْ then فَ comes before. Example-فَهَلْ أَذْهَبُ؟ So shall I go?
· In interrogative sentences, Mubtada and Khabar do not interchange their places. Example مَنْ مَرِيْضٌ؟ but will not be مَرِيْضٌ مَنْ؟ .
· There may be more than one khabar. Example: حَامِضٌ الرُّمَّانُ حُلْوٌ
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