يَا is used to call somebody. It is called حَرْفُ النِّدَاءِ . If specific someone is called after Harfu Nida, Ism become marfu and remain no tanween at the end. But if there is مُضَافٌ after it or if someone non-specific is called with that, it becomes mansub.
Example: يَا رَبَّ الْعٰلَمِيْنِ. Again if masculine اِسْمٌ with اَلْ comes after يَا , اَيُّهَا and if feminine اِسْمٌ with اَلْ comes اَيَّتُهَا is added.
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O Allah! |
يَا اللهُ |
Calling specific name
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O master! |
يَا أُسْتَاذُ |
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O Amina! |
يَا آمِنَةُ |
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O Maryam! |
يَا مَرْيَمُ |
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O Lord of the world! |
يَا رَبَّ الْعٰلَمِيْنِ |
Calling Mudaf |
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O Abu Bakar! |
يَا أبَابَكْرٍ |
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O Lebanese pilgrims! |
يَا مُسَافِرًا إلَى لُبْنَانَ |
Calling non-specific someone attached to some issues. |
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O person losing book! |
يَا ضَائِعًا كِتَابُهُ |
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O wrongdoer! Think about the consequences |
يَا ظَالِمًا! تَبَصَّرْ فِي العَوَاقِبِ |
Calling non-specific all in general. |
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O student! Read much! |
يَا طَالِبًا أُدْرُسْ كَسِيْرًا |
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O believers! |
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا |
Calling someone with اَلْ |
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O tranquil mind! |
يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ |
A few important points:
1. Sometimes yamutakallim is fallen after ya. Example: يَا أَبَتِ O my father.
2. Again sometimes يَا is fallen. Example, قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا
3. For calling Allah sometimes مَّ is added instead of يَا. Example, سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ
4. If munada remains with ي ya mutakallim, it has many forms. Example,
يَا رَبِّي، يَا رَبِّ، يَا رَبِّيَ، يَا رَبَّ Again يَا رَبَّا it takes ه at the end يَا رَبَّاهْ
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