If there is different preposition before verb of present tense, it makes different meaning. Let us see the following table,
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Hamid reads Arabic |
يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
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|
|
|
|
|
Hamid certainly reads Arabic |
قَدْ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
قَدْ + |
|
Hamid sometimes reads Arabic. |
قَدْ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
|
|
Hamid probably reads Arabic |
قَدْ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
|
|
Hamid used to read Arrabic |
كَانَ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
كَانَ + |
|
Hamid was about to read Arabic. |
كَادَ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
كَادَ + |
|
Hamid would about to read Arabic. |
يَكَادُ يَدْرُسُ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
يَكَادُ + |
Now we will see these in detail,
1) Use of قَدْ in mudari
If قَدْ comes before mudari then it refers to certainty, shortage, probability/ doubt.
|
You definitely know that I am Allah’s messenger for you. |
وَ قَدْ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي رَسُوْلُ اللهِ إِلَيْكُمْ |
Certainty |
|
Sometimes lazy student also passes
|
قَدْ يَنْجَحُ الطَّالِبُ الكَسْلَانُ |
Shortage |
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Sometimes hypocrite also tells truth. |
قَدْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُ كَلِمَةَ الْحَقِّ |
|
|
It may rain today. |
قَدْ يَنْزِلُ الْمَطَرُ اليَوْمَ |
Probability |
2) Past continuous =كَانَ + الْمُضَارِعُ
The work which was going on in the past is referred by using كَانَ + الْمُضَارِعُ
|
Hamid was eating |
كَانَ حَامِدٌ يَأْكُلُ |
|
Khadija was eating |
كَانَتْ خَدِيْجَةُ تَأْكُلُ |
|
Both of them used to eat. |
كَانَا يَأْكُلَانِ الطَّعَامَ |
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They will also say if we were listening or using our intellect then we would not be among the people of hell fire. |
وَقَالُوا لَوْ كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ أَوْ نَعْقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِي أَصْحَابِ السَّعِيرِ |
|
The fools among us talked bad about Allah |
وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا عَلَى اللَّهِ شَطَطًا |
|
Drink with satisfaction for what you used to do. |
كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئًا بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ |
3) In the case – About to happen كَادَ- يَكَاد is used
The pattern will be كَادَ + اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوْعٌ + الْمُضَارِعُ in case of past event and + اِسْمٌ مَرْفُوْعٌ + الْمُضَارِعُ يَكَادُ in case of present and future event
|
The boy was about to laugh. |
كَادَ الْوَلَدُ يَضْحَكُ |
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Some of their hearts almost deviated. |
كَادَ يَزِيغُ قُلُوبُ فَرِيقٍ مِّنْهُمْ |
|
The boy will almost laugh |
يَكَادُ الْوَلَدُ يَضْحَكُ |
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The lightening will almost take away their vision. |
يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ |
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The hellfire will almost rage in fury |
تَكَادُ تَمَيَّزُ مِنَ الْغَيْظِ |
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The sky will about to burst. |
تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِن فَوْقِهِنَّ |
Different forms of كَادَ according to gender and number
|
كِدْتَ |
كِدْنَ |
كَادَتَا |
كَادَتْ |
كَادُوا |
كَادَا |
كَادَ |
|
كِدْنَا |
كِدْتُ |
كِدْتُنَّ |
كِدْتُمَا |
كِدْتِ |
كِدْتُمْ |
كِدْتُمَا |
4) لَمْ gives past meaning to mudari
لَمْ before الْمُضَارِعُ makes it mazzum and past.
|
Don't you know that Allah is almighty? |
أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّـهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ |
|
Those who do not judge what Allah has revealed are sinner. |
وَمَن لَّمْ يَحْكُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ |
|
If you do not do so you have not reached his any message. |
وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ |
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Those who believes and do not mix their belief with shirk. |
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُم بِظُلْمٍ |
|
Haven't I expanded your chest? |
أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ |
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He tought man what he did not know. |
عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ |
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Haven't you seen how your lord dealt with the companion of elephant? |
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ |
|
He neither gave birth nor is born |
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ |
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He who says something which I have not said, as if he makes his place in the hell. |
مَنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ |
Point to be noted:
|
لَمْ اَذْهَبْ اِلَى الرِّيَاضِ |
ما ذَهَبْتُ اِلَى الرِّيَاضِ |
|
I did not go to Riyad |
I did not go to Riyad |
بَعْدُ comes next to it to mean which has not been done yet
|
My father has not come yet |
لَمْ يَرجِعْ أَبِيْ بَعْدُ |
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I have not written letter to him yet |
لَمْ أَكْتُبْ لَهُ رِسَالَةً بَعْدُ |
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I have not married yet |
لَمْ أَنْكَحْ بَعْدُ |
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