Often some extra words are used to describe or to introduce an existing word in the sentences. These words are called Badal. Let us see the following examples,
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this book is new |
هَذَا الْكِتَابُ جَدِيْدٌ |
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he is my friend Muhammad |
هُوَ صَدِيْقِي مُحَمَّدٌ |
Here in هَذَا الكِتَابُ جَدِيْدٌ; the word الكِتَابُ is describing هٰذَا which is called بَدَلٌ and هٰذَا is called مُبْدَلٌ. Similarly, in هُوَ صَدِيْقِي مُحَمَّدٌ; the word مُحَمَّدٌ is describing صَدِيْقُ. Thus مُحَمَّدٌ is بَدَلٌ and صَدِيْقُ is مُبْدَلٌ.
الإِعْرَابُ of badal and mubdal would be same. That means if mubdal is marfu then badal is also marfu, if mubdal is mansub then badal is mansub etc. But it is not necessary to be same for definite-indefinite. Some more example-
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this is my pen |
هٰذَا القَلَمُ لِيْ |
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Is that your book? |
أَذٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَكَ؟ |
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that is a doctor’s house |
ذٰلكَ الْبَيْتُ لِطَبيْبٍ |
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did you see Hamid’s friend Khalid? |
أَرَأَيْتَ صَدِيْقَ حَامِدٍ خَالِدًا؟ |
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that is for the wife of the teacher Fatima |
هِيَ لِزَوْجَةِ الْمُدَرِّسِ فَاطِمَةَ |
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Today Hamid’s father Jaed helped us. |
زَيْدٌ أبُو حَامِدٍ نَصَرْنَا الْيَوْمَ |
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I live in blessful city Madina. |
أَنَا مِنْ مَدِيْنَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ الْمَدِيْنَةِ |
Example from Quran-
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This Book, there is no doubt in it, 2:2 |
ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ |
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We will worship that master whom your forefathers Ibrahim, Ismail, and Ishaq used to worship. |
نَعْبُدُ إِلَٰهَكَ وَإِلَٰهَ آبَائِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ |
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Then they should worship the lord of this house. |
فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَٰذَا الْبَيْتِ |
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It is that fire which you used to lie about. |
هَٰذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِي كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ |
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These rivers flow beneath me. |
وَهَٰذِهِ الْأَنْهَارُ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِي |
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So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in Allah and His revelations. 7:158 |
فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ |
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Keep us on the right path. the Path of those You have blessed. 1:6-7 |
اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ * صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ |
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They declared, “We ˹now˺ believe in the Lord of all worlds. The Lord of Musa (Moses) and Harun." (Aaron) 7:121-122 |
قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ * رَبِّ مُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ |
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Alif-Lãm-Ra. These are the verses of the Book; the clear Quran. 15:1 |
الر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ وَقُرْآنٍ مُّبِينٍ |
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