General forms of الْمُضَارِعُ of past form فَعَلَ ,فَعِلَ ، فَعُلَ are يَفْعَلُ ، يَفْعِلُ ، يَفْعُلُ
For example, Form of present tense for verb of past tense ذَهَبَ is يَذْهَبُ
Let us note two thing,
1) At the beginning as the indicator of الْمُضَارِعُ an extra letterيَ has added,
2) Sukun has come at ف kalima, fatha has come at ع kalima and dammah has come at ل kalima.
But kasrah or Dammah may also come at ع kalima. Verbs are divided into 6 groups depending on changes of harkat at ع kalmia. It is called “bab” in grammatical language.
|
Change of harkat at ع kalima |
المُضَارِعُ |
الْمَاضِي |
name of ‘baab’ |
|
dammah << fatah |
يَنْصُرُ |
نَصَرَ |
baab – نَصَرَ |
|
kasra << fatah |
يَضْرِبُ |
ضَرَبَ |
baab – ضَرَبَ |
|
fatahtani |
يَفْتَحُ |
فَتَحَ |
baab – فَتَحَ |
|
dammah << dammah |
يَكْرُمُ |
كَرُمَ |
baab – كَرُمَ |
|
fatah << kasra |
يَسْمَعُ |
سَمِعَ |
baab - سَمِعَ |
|
Kasratani |
يَحْسِبُ |
حَسِبَ |
baab- حَسِبَ |
Note- If there is dammah at ع kalima of verb of past tense, there will always be Dammah at ع kalima of present tense. Let us see the example of different verbs among various baab.
|
نَصَرَ - يَنْصُرُ (Fatah-dammah) |
|||
|
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
|
He found |
طَلَبَ – يَطْلُبُ |
He changed |
نَقَلَ – يَنْقُلُ |
|
He entered |
دَخَلَ – يَدْخُلُ |
He enslaved |
عَبَدَ – يَعْبُدُ |
|
He killed |
قَتَلَ – يَقْتُلُ |
He created |
خَلَقَ – يَخْلُقُ |
|
He made chaos |
فَسَدَ – يَفْسُدُ |
He became obedient |
قَنَتَ – يَقْنُتُ |
|
He judged. |
حَكَمَ – يَحْكُمُ |
He studied |
دَرَسَ – يَدْرُسُ |
|
He sat |
قَعَدَ – يَقْعُدُ |
He stayed |
مَكَثَ – يَمْكُثُ |
|
He left |
تَرَكَ – يَتْرُكُ |
He made reached |
بَلَغَ – يَبْلُغُ |
|
He broke promise |
نَقَضَ – يَنْقُضُ |
He grabbed |
أَخَذَ-يَأْخُذُ |
|
He looked |
نَظَرَ – يَنْظُرُ |
He ordered |
أَمَرَ- يَأْمُرُ |
|
He became grateful |
شَكَرَ – يَشْكُرُ |
He concealed |
سَتَرَ – يَسْتُرُ |
|
He became silent |
سَكَتَ – يَسْكُتُ |
He cultivated |
حَرَثَ – يَحْرُثُ |
|
ضَرَبَ - يَضْرِبُ (Fatah-Kasra) |
|||
|
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
|
He lied |
كَذَبَ – يَكْذِبُ |
He washed |
غسَلَ – يَغْسِلُ |
|
He earned |
كَسَبَ – يَكْسِبُ |
He won |
غَلَبَ – يَغْلِبُ |
|
He Broke |
كَسَرَ – يَكْسِرُ |
He tortured |
ظَلَمَ – يَظْلِمُ |
|
He became patient |
صَبَرَ – يَصْبِرُ |
He separated |
فَصَلَ – يَفْصِلُ |
|
He came back |
رَجَعَ – يَرْجِعُ |
He sat |
جَلَسَ – يَجْلِسُ |
|
He opened |
كَشَفَ – يَكْشِفُ |
He finished |
خَتَمَ – يَخْتِمُ |
|
He stole |
سَرَقَ – يَسْرِقُ |
He knew |
عَرَفَ – يَعْرِفُ |
|
He bore |
حَمَلَ – يَحْمِلُ |
He presented |
عَرَضَ – يَعْرِضُ |
|
He destroyed |
هَلَكَ – يَهْلِكُ |
He forgave |
غَفَرَ – يَغْفِرُ |
|
He descended |
نَزَلَ – يَنْزِلُ |
He planned |
غَرَسَ – يَغْرِسُ |
|
فَتَحَ - يَفْتَحُ (Fatahtani) |
|||
|
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
|
He donated |
مَنَحَ – يَمْنَحُ |
He showed |
ظَهَرَ – يَظْهَرُ |
|
He opened |
فَتَحَ-يَفْتَحُ |
He asked |
سَأَلَ – يَسْأَلُ |
|
He sent |
بَعَثَ-يَبْعَثُ |
He read |
قَرَأَ - يَقْرَأُ |
|
He praised |
مَدَحَ – يَمْدَحُ |
He forbade |
مَنَعَ – يَمْنَعُ |
|
He elevated |
رَفَعَ – يَرْفَعُ |
He hit. |
جَرَحَ – يَجْرَحُ |
|
He gathered |
جَمَعَ- يَجْمَعُ |
He passed |
نَجَحَ – يَنْجَحُ |
|
He built |
جَعَلَ - يَجْعَلُ |
He cursed |
لَعَنَ – يَلْعَنُ |
|
He spelled |
سَحَرَ- يَسْحَرُ |
He ploughed |
زَرَعَ – يَزْرَعُ |
|
He amended |
صَلَحَ- يَصْلَحُ |
He cut |
قَطَعَ – يَقْطَعُ |
|
He got |
نَفَعَ- يَنْفَعُ |
He invented |
بَدَأَ – يَبْدَأُ |
|
كَرُمَ - يَكْرُمُ (damma-damma) |
|||
|
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
|
He became heavy |
ثَقُلَ – يَثْقُلُ |
He became close |
قَرُبَ – يَقْرُبُ |
|
He became farsighted |
بَصُرَ – يَبْصُرُ |
He went far |
بَعُدَ – يَبْعُدُ |
|
He became strict |
صَعُبَ – يَصْعُبُ |
He increased |
كَثُرَ – يَكْثُرُ |
|
He became big |
عَظُمَ – يَعْظُمُ |
He became handsome |
حَسُنَ – يَحْسُنُ |
|
He became pure |
طَهُرَ – يَطْهُرُ |
He became short |
قَصُرَ – يَقْصُرُ |
|
He became flawless |
لَطُفَ – يَلْطُفُ |
He became big |
كَبُرَ – يَكْبُرُ |
|
سَمِعَ - يَسْمَعُ (kasra-fatah) |
|||
|
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
Meaning of past tense |
الْمَاضِي- الْمُضَارِعُ |
|
He became happy |
فَرِحَ – يَفْرَحُ |
He heard |
سَمِعَ – يَسْمَعُ |
|
He became worried |
حَزِنَ – يَحْزَنُ |
He became informed |
عَلِمَ – يَعْلَمُ |
|
He became thirsty |
عَطِشَ – يَعْطَشُ |
He memorized |
حَفِظَ – يَحْفَظُ |
|
He talked clearly |
جَهِرَ – يَجْهَرُ |
He became fool |
جَهِلَ – يَجْهَلُ |
|
He became safe |
سَلِمَ – يَسْلَمُ |
He praised |
حَمِدَ – يَحْمَدُ |
|
He rode |
رَكِبَ – يَرْكَبُ |
He understood |
فَهِمَ – يَفْهَمُ |
|
He drank |
شَرِبَ – يَشْرَبُ |
He became angry |
غَضِبَ – يَغْضَبُ |
|
He laughed |
ضَحِكَ – يَضْحَكُ |
He witnessed |
شَهِدَ – يَشْهَدُ |
|
He hated |
كَرِهَ – يَكْرَهُ |
He became safe |
أَمِنَ - يَأْمَنُ |
|
حَسِبَ - يَحْسِبُ (kasratani) |
|||
|
He remembered |
حَسِبَ – يَحْسِبُ |
He became easy |
نَعِمَ – يَنْعِمُ |
|
|
|
He inherited |
وَرِثَ – يَرِثُ |
change of الفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُwith فَاعِلٌ
|
plural |
dual |
singular |
|
|
يَذْهَبُوْنَ |
يَذْهَبَانِ |
يَذْهَبُ |
male |
|
They all go/will go |
Both of them go/will go |
He goes/will go |
|
|
يَذْهَبْنَ |
تَذْهَبَانِ |
تَذْهَبُ |
female |
|
They(female) all go/will go |
Both of them(female) go/will go |
She goes/will go |
|
|
تَذْهَبُوْنَ |
تَذْهَبَانِ |
تَذْهَبُ |
male |
|
You all go/will go |
Both of you go/will go |
You go/will go |
|
|
تذْهَبْنَ |
تَذْهَبَانِ |
تَذْهَبِيْنَ |
female |
|
You all go/will go |
Both of you (female) go/will go |
You go/will go |
|
|
نَذْهَبُ |
|
أَذْهَبُ |
both |
|
We all go/will go |
|
I go/will go |
|
To memorize easily
- Adding انِ for dual يَذْهَبَ + انِ = يَذْهَبَانِ
- Adding وْنَ for plural يَذْهَبُ + وْنَ = يَذْهَبُوْنَ
- for feminine starting with ت: تَذْهَبُ again adding انِ for dual تَذْهَبَ + انِ = تَذْهَبَانِ
- For all girls exception is there will be sakin in ل kalima يَذْهَبْ and adding نَ with it, يَذْهَبْنَ
- أَنْتَ= هِيَ For single male second person it will be like single female third person تَذْهَبُ
- Again adding انِ in the dual تَذْهَبَ + انِ = تَذْهَبَانِ
- Adding وْنَ in plural تَذْهَبُ + وْنَ = تَذْهَبُوْنَ
- For single female second person تَذْهَبِيْنَ
Quranic Example:
|
For Allah does what He wills 14:27 |
وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ |
|
and do not break the compact 13:20 |
وَلَا يَنقُضُونَ الْمِيثَاقَ |
|
Wearing [garments of] fine silk and brocade, facing each other. 44:53 |
يَلْبَسُونَ مِن سُندُسٍ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٍ مُّتَقَابِلِينَ |
|
Then, (this) you ratified and (to this) you bear witness. 2:84 |
ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ |
|
They said: "Wilt Thou place therein one who will make mischief therein and shed blood?- whilst we do celebrate Thy praises and glorify Thy holy (name)?" He said: "I know what ye know not." 2:30 |
قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ |
|
Is it not clear to those who inherit the earth in succession from its (previous) possessors, that had We willed, We would have punished them for their sins. And We seal up their hearts so that they hear not? 7:100 |
أَوَلَمْ يَهْدِ لِلَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِ أَهْلِهَا أَن لَّوْ نَشَاءُ أَصَبْنَاهُم بِذُنُوبِهِمْ ۚ وَنَطْبَعُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ |
|
Then Allah sent forth a raven (Or: crow) searching into the earth to show him how he should overlay the shameful parts (i.e. the vile body) of his brother. 5:31 |
فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ ۚ |
|
That was for their disobedience and violations.5:78 |
ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا وَّكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ |
|
Not at all! (But) eventually you will know. 102:3 |
كَلَّا سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ |
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