A pronoun is two types, one type remains attached to the verb or noun and another type can stand alone without attachment to any word. Pronouns are always definite.
|
independent pronoun ضَمِيْرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ |
||||
|
plural |
dual |
singular |
|
|
|
هُمْ |
هُمَا |
هُوَ |
|
الغَائِبُ 3rd person |
|
they all |
they two |
he |
male |
|
|
هُنَّ |
هُمَا |
هِيَ |
|
|
|
they all |
they two |
she |
female |
|
|
أَنْتُمْ |
أَنْتُمَا |
أَنْتَ |
|
الْمُخَاطَبُ 2nd person |
|
you all |
you two |
you |
male |
|
|
أَنْتُنَّ |
أَنْتُمَا |
أَنْتِ |
|
|
|
you all |
you two |
you |
female |
|
|
نَحْنُ |
نَحْنُ |
أَنَا |
|
الْمُتَكَلِّمُ 1st person |
|
we all |
we both |
I |
both |
|
|
attached pronoun ضَمِيْرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ |
||||
|
plural |
dual |
singular |
|
|
|
هُمْ |
هُمَا |
هُ |
|
الغَائِبُ 3rd person |
|
them/their all |
their /them two |
his/him |
male |
|
|
هُنَّ |
هُمَا |
هَا |
|
|
|
them/their all |
their /them two |
her |
female |
|
|
كُمْ |
كُمَا |
كَ |
|
الْمُخَاطَبُ 2nd person |
|
you/your all |
you/your two |
you/your |
male |
|
|
كُنَّ |
كُمَا |
كِ |
|
|
|
you/your all |
you/your two |
you/your |
female |
|
|
نَا |
نَا |
ي |
|
الْمُتَكَلِّمُ 1st person |
|
us/our all |
us/our two |
mine/me |
both |
|
note-
- Same pronoun is used to mean ‘Our’ (2 or more than 2).
- Normally independent pronoun remain in ‘marfu’ state and attached pronoun are in ‘majrur’ or ‘mansub’ state.
- ي is called ‘ya mutakallim’.
uses of pronoun attached to ism-
|
بَيْتُهُمْ |
بَيْتُهُمَا |
بَيْتُهُ |
|
their house>2 |
their house-2 |
his house |
|
بَيْتُهُنَّ |
بَيْتُهُمَا |
بَيْتُهَا |
|
their house>2 |
their house-2 |
her house |
|
بَيْتُكُمْ |
بَيْتُكُمَا |
بَيْتُكَ |
|
your house>2 |
your house-2 |
your(male) house |
|
بَيْتُكُنَّ |
بَيْتُكُمَا |
بَيْتُكِ |
|
your house>2 |
your house-2 |
your(female) house |
|
بَيتُنَا |
بَيتُنَا |
بَيْتِي* |
|
our house>2 |
our house-2 |
my house |
- If jer/jabr/pesh comes before ya mutakallim then it becomes sakin and there will be jer in the letter before it.
|
My pen |
قَلَمُ+ي = قَلَمِيْ |
|
To my pen |
قَلَمَ+ي = قَلَمِيْ |
|
Of my pen |
قَلَمِ+ي = قَلَمِيْ |
uses of pronoun attached to verb-
|
رَأَيْتُهُمْ |
رَأَيْتُهُمَا |
رَأَيْتُهُ |
|
I saw them>2 |
I saw them-2 |
I saw him |
|
رَأَيْتُهُنَّ |
رَأَيْتُهُمَا |
رَأَيْتُهَا |
|
I saw them>2 |
I saw them-2 |
I saw her |
|
رَأَيْتُكُمْ |
رَأَيْتُكُمَا |
رَأَيْتُكَ |
|
I saw you>2 |
I saw you-2 |
I saw you(male) |
|
رَأَيْتُكُنَّ |
رَأَيْتُكُمَا |
رَأَيْتُكِ |
|
I saw you>2 |
I saw you-2 |
I saw you(female) |
|
رَأَيْتَنَا |
رَأَيْتَنَا |
رَأَيْتَنِي* |
|
you saw us>2 |
you saw us-2 |
you saw me |
* If ya mutakallim as added with verb then a نِ comes before it and it becomes نِيْ as for example رَأَيْتَنِيْ
Sometimes the يْ of نِيْ also get dropped.
|
Who created me, and it is He Who guides me 26:78 |
الَّذِي خَلَقَنِي فَهُوَ يَهْدِينِ |
|
To you be your religion, and to me my religion 109:6 |
لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ |
Some examples of pronoun attached to harf jar:
|
فِيْهِمْ |
فِيهِمَا |
فِيْهِ |
|
مِنْهُمْ |
مِنهُمَا |
مِنْهُ* |
|
فِيْهِنَّ |
فِيهِمَا |
فِيْهَا |
|
مِنْهُنَّ |
مِنهُمَا |
مِنْهَا |
|
فِيْكُمْ |
فِيكُمَا |
فِيْكَ |
|
مِنْكُمْ |
مِنْكُمَا |
مِنْكَ |
|
فِيْكُنَّ |
فِيكُمَا |
فِيْكِ |
|
مِنْكُنَّ |
مِنْكُمَا |
مِنْكِ |
|
فِيْنَا |
|
فِيَّ |
|
مِنَّا |
|
مِنِّيْ |
|
لَهُمْ |
لَهُمَا |
لَهُ |
|
عَلَيهِمْ |
عَلَيهِمَا |
عَلَيْهِ |
|
لَهُنَّ |
لَهُمَا |
لَهَا |
|
عَلَيهِنَّ |
عَلَيهِمَا |
عَلَيْهَا |
|
لَكُم |
لَكُمَا |
لَكَ |
|
عَلَيكُمْ |
عَلَيكُمَا |
عَلَيْكَ |
|
لَكُنَّ |
لَكُمَا |
لَكِ |
|
عَلَيكُنَّ |
عَلَيكُمَا |
عَلَيْكِ |
|
لَنَا |
|
لِيْ |
|
عَلَيْنَا |
|
عَلَيَّ |
* Note: Pronouns are mabni. As we have seen in the above examples, they have not been changed as mudaf ilaihi (بَيْتُهُ ( or after harf jar in majrur state (مِنْهُ) or as object of verb in mansub state (رَأَيْتُهُ(. But,
· If jer or ي comes before these four pronouns هُ هُمَا هُمْ هُنَّ , first word take jer, for example, بِهِ، فِيْهِ، عَلَيْهِمْ ، إلَيْهِمْ، بِهِمْ، فِيْهِنَّ etc. [exception, sura 48-10] عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ
- لِ+هُ=لَهُ etc.for the convenience of pronunciation.
· If any letter is added after ى that becomes ي . Example- عَلَى+ كَ = عَلَيكَ
· If ى or ا comes before “ya mutakallim”, jabr is placed on it. Example: عَلَى+يْ = عَلَيْيَ = عَلَيَّ
Example from Quran (Only to understand the use of ضَمِيْرٌ )
|
Say, "He is Allah, The Only One, 112:1 |
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ |
|
When they sat by it (fire) 85:6 |
إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ |
|
and spend out of what We have provided them 2:3 |
وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ |
|
Lord to clarify for us what type 2:68 |
يُبَيِّن لَّنَا مَا هِيَ |
|
O humanity! Worship your Lord, Who created you and those before you, so that you may become mindful ˹of Him˺.2:21 |
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ |
|
And We said, “O ’Ādam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise 2:35 |
وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ |
|
And with fear (in his heart) 80:9 |
وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ |
|
Therein (gardens) will be fair (wives/ maidens) good and beautiful 55:70 |
فِيهِنَّ خَيْرَاتٌ حِسَانٌ |
|
Have We not expanded your breast for you 94:1 |
أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ |
|
And ˹remember˺ when the angels said, “O Mary! Surely Allah has selected you, purified you, and chosen you over all women of the world. 3:42 |
وَإِذْ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَاصْطَفَاكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ |
|
they say, "Surely we are only peace-makers /doers of righteousness. 2:11 |
قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ |
|
nor will I worship those whom you have worshipped 109:4 |
وَلَا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَّا عَبَدتُّمْ |
কোর্স বিষয়বস্তু
