In Arabic Preposition is called حَرْفُ جَرٍّ. These take place before اِسْمٌ and make it مَجْرُوْرٌ . Example: الْبَيْتُ the house, but it becomes فِي الْبَيْتِ if harf jar فِي sits before it.
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فِي الْبَيْتِ |
البَيْتُ |
|
In the house |
The house |
Some frequently used حَرْفُ جَرٍّare:
|
Upon Muhammad |
عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ |
عَلَى |
up |
|
Fom devil |
مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ |
مِنْ |
form |
|
To masjid |
إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ |
إِلَى |
to |
|
With Allah’s name |
بِسْمِ اللهِ |
بِ |
with / by |
|
For Allah |
لِلَّهِ |
لِ |
for |
|
Like straw |
كَعَصْفٍ |
كَ |
like |
|
Oath by Allah’s name |
وَاللهِ |
وَ |
For oath |
|
Oath by Allah’s name |
تَاللهِ |
تَ |
For oath |
|
Upto rise |
حَتَّى مَطْلَعٍ |
حَتَّى |
to |
|
From Abbas |
عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ |
عَنْ |
From/ about |
|
Without Zayed |
حَاشَ زَيْدٍ |
خَلَا/حَاشَ |
without |
|
From morning |
مُنْذُ الصَّبَاحِ |
مُنْذُ/مُذْ |
(specific time) from |
Example from Al Quran (Give attention only on the bold part(s))
|
Who whispers [evil] into the breasts of mankind |
الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ |
|
And from the evil of the blowers in knots |
وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ |
|
So he will be in a pleasant life |
فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَّاضِيَةٍ |
|
which rages over the hearts. |
الَّتِي تَطَّلِعُ عَلَى الْأَفْئِدَةِ |
|
From among the jinn and mankind |
مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ |
|
From the evil of what He has created, |
مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ |
|
A Messenger from Allah, reciting purified scriptures |
رَسُولٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ يَتْلُو صُحُفًا مُّطَهَّرَةً |
|
In the Name of Allah—the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. |
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ |
|
And He made them like eaten straw. |
فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ |
|
It is all peace until the break of dawn. |
سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ |
|
I swear by the fig and the olive |
وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ |
|
They said: "By Allah, you certainly know that we did not come to act corruptly in this land 73-83 |
قَالُوا تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُم مَّا جِئْنَا لِنُفْسِدَ فِي الْأَرْضِ |
|
[To sit] on [your] right and [your] left in separate groups? |
عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ |
جَارٌّ وَ مَجْرُوْرٌ خَبَرٌ is formed with حَرْفُ جَرٍّ and مَجْرُوْرٌ اِسْمٌ next to it. Example:
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جَرٌّ وَ مَجْرُورٌ خَبَرٌ |
مُبْتَدَأٌ |
|
|
علَى اَلْمَكْتَبِ |
الْكِتَابُ |
The book is on the table. |
Or if مُبْتَدَأٌ is indefinite, then
|
مُبْتَدَأٌ |
جَرٌّ وَ مَجْرُورٌ خَبَرٌ |
|
|
كِتَابٌ |
علَى اَلْمَكْتَبِ |
A book is on the table. |
Let us see some more example,
|
مُبْتَدَأٌ |
جَارٌّ وَ مَجْرُوْرٌ خَبَرٌ |
جَارٌّ وَ مَجْرُوْرٌ خَبَرٌ |
مُبْتَدَأٌ |
|
رَجُلٌ |
فِي الْمَطْبَخِ |
فِي الْمَطْبَخِ |
الرَّجُلُ |
|
There is a man in the kitchen |
The man is in the kitchen. |
||
|
حِصَانٌ |
فِي الْحَقْلِ |
فِي الْحَقْلِ |
الْحِصَانُ |
|
There is a horse in the stable |
The horse in the stable |
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