In Arabic sentence is called جُمْلَةٌ . Sentences are of 2 types-   

1. nominal sentence / اَلْجُمْلَةُ الإِسْمِيَّةُ and

2. verbal sentence / اَلْجُمْلَةُ الفِعْلِيَّةُ

Nominal sentence or اَلْجُمْلَةُ الإِسْمِيَّةُ

Nominal sentence starts with اِسْمٌ   or حَرْفٌ .  It has 2 parts-    مُبْتَدَأٌ(subject) and خَبَرٌ  (predicate). مُبْتَدَأٌ  and  خَبَرٌ will always be مَرْفُوْعٌ  . Without some exceptions Mubtada is generally definite if it becomes at the beginning. Khabar may be both definite and indefinite. The gender and number of Mubtada and Khabar will be consistent. Let us see a sentence below,

In the above sentence, the book is mentioned as new. So ‘the book’ is mubtada and  khabar is ‘new’. [Inshallah, we will learn about Mubtada and Khabar more in chapter 13].

Verbal sentence or  اَلْجُمْلَةُ الفِعْلِيَّةُ

The verbal sentence starts with فِعْلٌ .  Mainly it has 2 parts-  فِعْلٌ  (verb) and   فَاعِلٌ  (Doer). Doer is always ‘marfu’.

Sometimes the doer may be silent. As in the following example, the doer هُوَ is silent.