If between two اِسْمٌ there is a relation of possession, then possessed is called مُضَافٌ and the possessor is مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ
مُضَافٌ and مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ always come one after another. مُضَافٌ never comes with ال and ‘tanwin’ and مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ is always مَجْرُوْرٌ , example-
|
meaning |
مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ |
مُضَافٌ |
Relation of word |
|
Hamid’s pen |
حَامِدٍ |
قَلَمُ |
قَلَمٌ + حَامِدٌ |
|
house of a businessman |
تَاجِرٍ |
بَيْتُ |
بَيْتٌ + تَاجِرٌ |
|
house of the businessman |
التَّاجِرِ |
بَيْتُ |
بَيْتٌ + التَّاجِرُ |
|
sustainer of mankind |
النَّاسِ |
رَبُّ |
رَبٌّ + النَّاسُ |
|
house of Allah |
اللهِ |
بَيْتُ |
بَيْتٌ + اللهُ |
|
name of the teacher |
الْمُدَرِّسِ |
اِسْمُ |
اِسْمٌ + الْمُدَرِّسُ |
|
the door of the garden |
الجَنَّةِ |
بَابُ |
بَابٌ + الجَنَّةُ |
|
leaf of the tree |
الشَّجَرَةِ |
وَرَقَةُ |
وَرَقَةٌ + الشَّجَرَةُ |
|
knower of invisible |
الغَيْبِ |
عَالِمُ |
عَالِمٌ + الغَيْبُ |
If an ism has تَنْوِيْنٌ then it is indefinite and if it has ال then it is definite. But have you noticed that the mudaf don't have ‘al’ and ‘tanween’ on it. So how to determine whether it is definite or indefinite?
مُضَافٌ can be both definite and indefinite depending on the state of مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ . If مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ is definite then مُضَافٌ is definite, as in 1st line قَلَمُ is definite because Hamid is definite but in 2nd line بَيْتُ indefinite as a businessman is indefinite.
example from Quran (only to understand uses of مُضَافٌ)
|
night of qadr is greater than a thousand months |
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ |
|
and the consequence of evil is definitely evil |
وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِّثْلُهَا |
|
then if one does good, even as tiny as an atom, he will be able to see it. |
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ |
|
say, I am asking refuge from the sustainer of mankind |
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ |
|
Have you not seen, [O Muhammad], how your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant? |
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ |
Example from Hadith
|
Duniya is the jail for mumin and heaven for the kafir. |
الدُّنْيَا سِجْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَجَنَّةُ الْكَافِرِ |
|
It is compulsory for every Muslim to acquire knowledge. |
طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ |
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