If there is different preposition before the verb of past tense, it makes different meaning. Example -
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Hamid has read Arabic |
دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
no preposition before verb |
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Certainly Hamid has read Arabic |
قَدْ دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
قَدْ + |
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Hamid has read Arabic just now |
قَدْ دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
قَدْ + |
|
Hamid read Arabic |
كَانَ دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
كَانَ + |
|
Hamid probably has read Arabic |
لَعَلَّمَا دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
لَعَلَّمَا + |
|
Hamid perhaps has read Arabic |
يَكُونُ دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
يَكُونُ + |
|
If Hamid would read Arabic! |
لَيْتَمَا دَرَسَ حَامِدٌ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
لَيْتَمَا + |
Now we will see these in detail,
1) Use of قَدْ before a verb
If قَدْ is used before verb of past tense it means assurance or means done in recent past.
a) For the meaning of assuring,
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Certainly, I have made Ayah clear for believers |
قَدْ بَيَّنَّا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ |
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Surely he has succeeded who has purified himself |
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا |
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And verily he fails who defiles himself. |
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا |
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Allah has provided him better riziq. |
قَدْ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ لَهُ رِزْقًا |
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Allah has fixed a certain amount for everything. |
قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرًا |
|
Truth has come to you from your lord |
قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ |
b) For the meaning of near past,
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The teacher has entered the class just now. |
قَدْ دَخَلَ الْمُدَرِّسُ الفَصْلَ |
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Everyone has come to know their drinking place just now |
قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ |
2) Distant past =كَانَ + الْمَاضِي
كَانَ + الْمَاضِي indicates an act happened in distant past.
|
Samir had learnt Arabic |
كَانَ سَمِيرُ دَرَسَ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ |
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I had learnt Arabic |
كُنْتُ دَرَسْتُ اللُّغَةَ العَرَبِيَّةَ |
3) Probability in past =لَعَلَّمَا + الْمَاضِي or يَكُونُ + الْمَاضِي
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Samir had probably learned Arabic |
لَعَلَّمَا سَمِيرُ دَرَسَ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ |
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Hamid had probably gone to mosque |
لَعَلَّمَا حَامِدٌ ذَهَبَ إلَى الْمَسْجِدِ |
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Samir had learned Arabic |
يَكُونُ سَمِيرُ دَرَسَ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ |
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Hamid had gone to mosque |
يَكُوْنُ حَامِدٌ ذَهَبَ إلَى الْمَسْجِدِ |
4) Regretting/ hope for past work =لَيْتَمَا + الْمَاضِي
For indicating regret/ hope for past لَيْتَمَا + الْمَاضِي is used.
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If Samir had learnt Arabic! |
لَيْتَمَا سَمِيرُ دَرَسَ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ |
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If you knew! |
لَيْتَمَا عَلِمْتُمْ |
5) Past tense for making Dua
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May Allah bless him. |
رَحِمَهُ اللّٰهُ |
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May Allah forgive him |
غَفَرَ اللّٰهُ لَهُ |
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May Allah not destroy your face |
لاَفَضَّ اللّٰهُ فَاكَ |
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May Allah give you better return |
جَزَاكَ اللهُ خَيْرًا |
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May Allah protect him |
حَفِظَهُ اللهُ |
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