Among the relative pronouns, there are الَّذِيْ   (who/whose/whom – for person and object), مَا   (what/which – for object),   مَنْ (who/whom/whose – for person)  etc. These attaches the previous definite ism with the sentence next to it, which is called صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ. صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ is mainly used to describe the earlier ism. A pronoun remains in it which refers previous الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ . It is called عَائِدٌ . But sometimes it may be silent.

 

 

(صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ)

(الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ)

 

مُدَرِّسٌ

 (هُوَ)  وَاقِفٌ هُنَا

الَّذِي

الرَّجُلُ

a teacher

is standing here

who

the man

 

 

 

 

لِيْ

(هُوَ) عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ

الَّذِي

الْكِتَابُ

that is mine

is on the table

which

the book

 

 

 

 

 

(هُوَ) جَاءَ أَمْسِ

الَّذِي

هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ

 

came yesterday

who

he is that man

 

 

 

 

 

قَرَأْتُهُ

الَّذِي

 هٰذَا الكِتَابُ

 

I have read

which

this is that book

 

 

 

 

 

نَجَحَ

الَّذِي

هَـٰذَا مُحَمَّدٌ

 

has passed

who

he is Muhammad

 

In the first three sentences, عَائِدٌ  is ) هُوَ( which can be omitted. Such as: الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي وَاقِفٌ هُنَا مُدَرِّسٌ

Again in forth sentence, هُ is عَائِدٌ It can be omitted and can be written as قَرَأْتُ الَّذِي هٰذَا الكِتَابُ

 

Forms of الَّذِي according to gender and number

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

الَّذِيْنَ

who /whom/ whose

الَّذَانِ / الَّذَيْنِ

who / whom/ whose (dual)

الَّذِي

Who/whom/ whose

Male

الَّاتِيْ

who /whom/ whose

الَّتَانِ / الَّتَيْنِ

who /whom/ whose (dual)

الَّتِي

Who/whom/ whose

Female

 

Relative pronoun are mabni. But in marfu state of dual    الَّذَانِ , الَّتَانِ and in mansub or majrur state الَّتَانِ  ,  الَّتَيْنِ. Some more example:

 

(صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ)

(الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ)

 

مَرِيْضَانِ

الَّذَانِ

 هُمَا  صَدِيْقَايَ

are sick

those two who

both of them are my friend

 

 

 

رَاسِخُونَ فِي العِلْمِ

الَّذِيْنَ

 هُمُ الْمُكَرِّمُونَ

knows a lot

those who

they are honored

 

 

 

أَمَامَ بَيْتِي

الَّتِي

 هِيَ الحَدِيْقَةُ

is in front of my house

which

that garden

 

 

 

مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ

الَّتَانِ

هُمَا الطَّالِبَتَانِ الذَّكِيَّتَانِ

has come from a village

those two who

both of them are those meritorious student

 

 

 

مُحَجِّبَاتٌ

الَّاتِيْ

هٰؤُلَاءِ النِّسَاءُ الشَّرِيفَاتُ

are veiled

those who

 these are those dignified women

 

 

 

اشْتَرَيْتُهَا

الَّتِي

هٰذِهِ الأْقْلَامُ الرَّخِيْصَةُ

I bought

which

these are those cheap pens

 

 Example-

He is my friend, who has succeeded in the exam

هُوَ صَدِيقِيْ الَّذِي فَازَ فِي الإِمْتِحَانِ

He is Allah, who has created you all

هُوَاللهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ

That Rashed succeeded is brilliant

رَاشِدٌ الَّذِي فَازَ ذَكِيٌ

he is a teacher, whose father has died

أَبُو الَّذِي مَاتَ مُدَرِّسٌ

They were teachers whom I saw in the mosque

هُمُ الْمُدَرِّسُونَ الَّذِينَ رَأَيتُهُم فِي الْمَسجِدِ

I saw them, who went towards the mosque

رَأَيتُ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْمَسجِدِ

I saw him, who went out of home    

رَأَيْتُ الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ

Afterward, Allah will come to them in a form that they  know

فَيَأْتِيهِمُ اللَّهُ فِي الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي يَعْرِفُونَ

I have defeated him, who had defeated me

غَلَبْتُ الَّذِيْ غَلَبَنِيْ

I did, what Hamid told me

فَعَلْتُ مَا قَالَ حَامِدٌ

whose house is that, which is beautiful

 

لِمَنِ البَيتُ الَّذِي جَمِيْلٌ؟

This is that book which I bought

هٰذَا الكِتَابُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتُهُ

 

But for indefinite ism  الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ is not needed. Example:

I have a friend from India

لِيْ زَمِيْلٌ مِنَ الهِنْدِ

The person who said that is a teacher, Hamid.

حَامِدٌ مُدَرِّسٌ قَالَ ذٰلِكَ

This is a book that I have sent to you.

كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ

 

Examples from Quran and Hadith-

He is the One Who has sent His Messenger with guidance 61:9

هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَىٰ

About the momentous news, Concerning which they are in disagreement. 78:2-3

عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ

Those who believe and do the righteous deed there is good news and beautiful place of return for them.

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ طُوبَىٰ لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَآبٍ

The disbeliever will say, oh our lord, show us those jinn and man who misguided us.

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا رَبَّنَا أَرِنَا اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ

Say in reply what is good.

ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ

He knows what is in the heavens and on earth 64:4

يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ

Allah is the guardian of those who believes.

اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا

Those who did good deed from the believers, whether he is male or female I will reward him pure life.

مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً

By he, in whose hand is my life.

وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ

Allah bestows deep knowledge of deen to him, whom He wants to guide.

مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ

The world is cursed and that is cursed what is within it.

الدُّنْيَا مَلْعُونَةٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَا فِيهَا

And among mankind is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge 22:8

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ

 

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