Among the relative pronouns, there are الَّذِيْ (who/whose/whom – for person and object), مَا (what/which – for object), مَنْ (who/whom/whose – for person) etc. These attaches the previous definite ism with the sentence next to it, which is called صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ. صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ is mainly used to describe the earlier ism. A pronoun remains in it which refers previous الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ . It is called عَائِدٌ . But sometimes it may be silent.
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(صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ) |
(الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ) |
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مُدَرِّسٌ |
(هُوَ) وَاقِفٌ هُنَا |
الَّذِي |
الرَّجُلُ |
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a teacher |
is standing here |
who |
the man |
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لِيْ |
(هُوَ) عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ |
الَّذِي |
الْكِتَابُ |
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that is mine |
is on the table |
which |
the book |
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(هُوَ) جَاءَ أَمْسِ |
الَّذِي |
هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ |
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came yesterday |
who |
he is that man |
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قَرَأْتُهُ |
الَّذِي |
هٰذَا الكِتَابُ |
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I have read |
which |
this is that book |
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نَجَحَ |
الَّذِي |
هَـٰذَا مُحَمَّدٌ |
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has passed |
who |
he is Muhammad |
In the first three sentences, عَائِدٌ is ) هُوَ( which can be omitted. Such as: الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي وَاقِفٌ هُنَا مُدَرِّسٌ
Again in forth sentence, هُ is عَائِدٌ । It can be omitted and can be written as قَرَأْتُ الَّذِي هٰذَا الكِتَابُ
Forms of الَّذِي according to gender and number
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Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
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الَّذِيْنَ who /whom/ whose |
الَّذَانِ / الَّذَيْنِ who / whom/ whose (dual) |
الَّذِي Who/whom/ whose |
Male |
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الَّاتِيْ who /whom/ whose |
الَّتَانِ / الَّتَيْنِ who /whom/ whose (dual) |
الَّتِي Who/whom/ whose |
Female |
Relative pronoun are mabni. But in marfu state of dual الَّذَانِ , الَّتَانِ and in mansub or majrur state الَّتَانِ , الَّتَيْنِ. Some more example:
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(صِلَةُ الْمَوْصُوْلِ) |
(الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ) |
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مَرِيْضَانِ |
الَّذَانِ |
هُمَا صَدِيْقَايَ |
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are sick |
those two who |
both of them are my friend |
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رَاسِخُونَ فِي العِلْمِ |
الَّذِيْنَ |
هُمُ الْمُكَرِّمُونَ |
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knows a lot |
those who |
they are honored |
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أَمَامَ بَيْتِي |
الَّتِي |
هِيَ الحَدِيْقَةُ |
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is in front of my house |
which |
that garden |
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مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ |
الَّتَانِ |
هُمَا الطَّالِبَتَانِ الذَّكِيَّتَانِ |
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has come from a village |
those two who |
both of them are those meritorious student |
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مُحَجِّبَاتٌ |
الَّاتِيْ |
هٰؤُلَاءِ النِّسَاءُ الشَّرِيفَاتُ |
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are veiled |
those who |
these are those dignified women |
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اشْتَرَيْتُهَا |
الَّتِي |
هٰذِهِ الأْقْلَامُ الرَّخِيْصَةُ |
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I bought |
which |
these are those cheap pens |
Example-
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He is my friend, who has succeeded in the exam |
هُوَ صَدِيقِيْ الَّذِي فَازَ فِي الإِمْتِحَانِ |
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He is Allah, who has created you all |
هُوَاللهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ |
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That Rashed succeeded is brilliant |
رَاشِدٌ الَّذِي فَازَ ذَكِيٌ |
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he is a teacher, whose father has died |
أَبُو الَّذِي مَاتَ مُدَرِّسٌ |
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They were teachers whom I saw in the mosque |
هُمُ الْمُدَرِّسُونَ الَّذِينَ رَأَيتُهُم فِي الْمَسجِدِ |
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I saw them, who went towards the mosque |
رَأَيتُ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْمَسجِدِ |
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I saw him, who went out of home |
رَأَيْتُ الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ |
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Afterward, Allah will come to them in a form that they know |
فَيَأْتِيهِمُ اللَّهُ فِي الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي يَعْرِفُونَ |
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I have defeated him, who had defeated me |
غَلَبْتُ الَّذِيْ غَلَبَنِيْ |
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I did, what Hamid told me |
فَعَلْتُ مَا قَالَ حَامِدٌ |
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whose house is that, which is beautiful
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لِمَنِ البَيتُ الَّذِي جَمِيْلٌ؟ |
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This is that book which I bought |
هٰذَا الكِتَابُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَيْتُهُ |
But for indefinite ism الاِسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ is not needed. Example:
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I have a friend from India |
لِيْ زَمِيْلٌ مِنَ الهِنْدِ |
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The person who said that is a teacher, Hamid. |
حَامِدٌ مُدَرِّسٌ قَالَ ذٰلِكَ |
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This is a book that I have sent to you. |
كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ |
Examples from Quran and Hadith-
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He is the One Who has sent His Messenger with guidance 61:9 |
هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَىٰ |
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About the momentous news, Concerning which they are in disagreement. 78:2-3 |
عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ |
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Those who believe and do the righteous deed there is good news and beautiful place of return for them. |
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ طُوبَىٰ لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَآبٍ |
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The disbeliever will say, oh our lord, show us those jinn and man who misguided us. |
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا رَبَّنَا أَرِنَا اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ |
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Say in reply what is good. |
ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ |
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He knows what is in the heavens and on earth 64:4 |
يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ |
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Allah is the guardian of those who believes. |
اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا |
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Those who did good deed from the believers, whether he is male or female I will reward him pure life. |
مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً |
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By he, in whose hand is my life. |
وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ |
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Allah bestows deep knowledge of deen to him, whom He wants to guide. |
مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ |
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The world is cursed and that is cursed what is within it. |
الدُّنْيَا مَلْعُونَةٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَا فِيهَا |
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And among mankind is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge 22:8 |
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ |
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