The harkot of last letter of اِسْمٌ is changeable, the sound at the end is sometimes ‘u’, sometimes ‘i’ and sometimes ‘a’. let’s see some common example-
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مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ |
اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ |
|
Muhammad (sm) is the messenger of Allah |
Allah is not dependent on anybody. |
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آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسِيْلَةَ |
فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ |
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Give Muhammad (sm) the cause. |
So fear Allah |
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اللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ |
نَارُ اللَّهِ الْمُوقَدَةُ |
|
Send prayers upon Muhammad |
Fire lit by Allah |
We just saw مُحَمَّدٌ and اللهُ comes with a different look, at the end sometimes zer or zabr and sometimes pesh. This changes of ism is known as الإِعْرَابُ . Lets take the previous sentence to understand the change of Ism.
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Belal saw Hamid behind Khalid. |
رَأَى بِلَالٌ حَامِدًا خَلْفَ خَالِدٍ |
According to Arabic grammar-
بِلَالٌ this is مَرْفُوْعٌ (nominative case) of ism, ism will have pesh at its end.
حَامِدًا this is مَنْصُوْبٌ (objective case) of ism, ism will have zabor at its end. *
خَالِدٍ this is مَجْرُوْرٌ (possessive case ) of ism, ism will have zer at its end.
* if double zabr comes at the end then an extra ‘alif’ is added, example- حَامِدًا مُحَمَّدًا شَيْئًا . But at the end, if alif comes beforeء and if ة is present then it will not happen. example- مَاءً حَقِيْبَةً جَنَّةً جَزَاءً
thus, we will remember,
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بِلَالٍ |
بِلَالاً |
بِلَالٌ |
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of Bilal |
to Bilal |
Bilal |
|
(مَجْرُوْرٌ) |
(مَنْصُوْبٌ) |
(مَرْفُوْعٌ) |
But for some ism this change is two types, they do not take tanween and the majrur state will also have jabr instead of jer. They are called الْمَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ or “diptote” , example- girls name فَاطِمَةُ، مَرْيَمُ , again some boys name, أَحْمَدُ , عُمَرُ etc.
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أَحْمَدَ |
أَحْمَدَ |
أَحْمَدُ |
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of Ahmed |
to Ahmed |
Ahmed |
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(مَجْرُوْرٌ) |
(مَنْصُوْبٌ) |
(مَرْفُوْعٌ) |
Again, some ism doesn’t change, these are called “mabni” , example- هٰذَا
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هٰذَا |
هٰذَا |
هٰذَا |
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of this |
to this |
this |
|
(مَجْرُوْرٌ) |
(مَنْصُوْبٌ) |
(مَرْفُوْعٌ) |
কোর্স বিষয়বস্তু
