إِذَا is ظَرْفٌ which comes in the case of implying condition. That means أَدْوٰتُ الشَّرْطِ . Generally, it comes before مَاضٍ and makes its meaning مُضَارِعُ . We already have seen this type of sentence have two parts: الْشَّرْطُ & جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ
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إِذا رَأَيْتَ خَالِدًا فَاسْألْهُ عَنِ الْكِتَابِ (الْشَّرْطُ) ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ) |
إنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا ابْتَلاَهُمْ (الْشَّرْطُ) ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ) |
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When you will see Khalid, ask him about the book |
When Allah love any nation, he test them. |
Also الْمُضَارِعُ may come in both إِذَا and جَوَابُ الْشُّرْطِ . Example-
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إِذا تُرَدُّ إِلَى قَلِيْلٍ تَقْنَعُ (الْشَّرْطُ) ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ) |
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If you pull a little bit, it is limited |
In the following cases, فَ comes before جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ
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If you work hard, certainly you will pass. |
إِذا اجْتَهَدْتَ فَالنَّجَاحُ مَضْمُوْنٌ |
1) if jawabu shart is nominal sentence. |
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When my slaves ask about me, I am near. |
وَإِذا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّيْ قَرِيْبٌ |
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If you see Hamid ask him about travel time. |
إِذا رَأَيْتَ حَامِدًا فَاسْأَلْهُ عَنْ مَوْعِدِ الْسَّفَرِ |
2) If jawabu shart contains command or forbidding or question.
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If you see the patient sleeping, don't call him. |
إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْمَرِيْضَ نَائِمًا فَلَا تَدْعُهُ |
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What should I say Bilal if I see him? |
إِذَا رَأَيْتُ بِلَالًا فَمَاذَا أقُوْلُ لَهُ؟ |
But sometime جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ may come before. Example- رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا
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