إِذَا  is  ظَرْفٌ which comes in the case of implying condition. That means  أَدْوٰتُ الشَّرْطِ . Generally, it comes before  مَاضٍ  and makes its meaning مُضَارِعُ .  We already have seen this type of sentence have two parts:  الْشَّرْطُ  &  جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ

إِذا رَأَيْتَ خَالِدًا       فَاسْألْهُ عَنِ الْكِتَابِ

(الْشَّرْطُ)          ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ)

إنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَحَبَّ قَوْمًا        ابْتَلاَهُمْ

(الْشَّرْطُ)                     ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ)

When you will see Khalid, ask him about the book

When Allah love any nation, he test them.

 

Also  الْمُضَارِعُ  may come in both إِذَا  and  جَوَابُ الْشُّرْطِ  . Example-

إِذا تُرَدُّ إِلَى قَلِيْلٍ      تَقْنَعُ

                  (الْشَّرْطُ)         ( جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ)

If you pull a little bit, it is limited

 

In the following cases, فَ comes before  جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ

If you work hard, certainly you will pass.

إِذا اجْتَهَدْتَ فَالنَّجَاحُ مَضْمُوْنٌ

 

1) if jawabu shart is nominal sentence.

When my slaves ask about me, I am near.

وَإِذا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّيْ قَرِيْبٌ

If you see Hamid ask him about travel time.

إِذا رَأَيْتَ حَامِدًا فَاسْأَلْهُ عَنْ مَوْعِدِ الْسَّفَرِ

 

2) If jawabu shart contains command or forbidding or question.

 

If you see the patient sleeping, don't call him.

إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْمَرِيْضَ نَائِمًا فَلَا تَدْعُهُ

What should I say Bilal if I see him?

إِذَا رَأَيْتُ بِلَالًا فَمَاذَا أقُوْلُ لَهُ؟

 

But sometime جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ may come before. Example-  رَ‌بَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا

 

কোর্স বিষয়বস্তু

9 চ্যাপ্টার • 57 পাঠ