الْأَجْوَفُ verb where the ع kalima is weak. It means 2nd letter is و or ي . In written form و and ي is changed with ا (alif). Example:
(خَافَ (خَوِفَ |
(نَامَ (نَوِمَ |
(سَارَ (سَيَرَ |
(قَالَ (قَوَلَ |
He feared |
He slept |
He walked |
He said |
Let’s see its 14 structures,
الْمَاضِي Past Tense of Verb |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
جَاؤُوْا |
جَاءَا |
جَاءَ |
Male |
جِئْنَ * |
جَاءَتَا |
جَاءَتْ |
Female |
جِئْتُمْ |
جِئْتُمَا |
جِئْتَ |
Male |
جِئْتُنَّ |
جِئْتُمَا |
جِئْتِ |
Female |
جِئْنَا |
|
جِئْتُ |
Both |
*Basically it was جَاْئْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ , then ف kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.
الْمَاضِي Verb of Past Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
قَالُوْا |
قَالاَ |
قَالَ |
Male |
قُلْنَ * |
قَالَتَا |
قَالَتْ |
Female |
قُلْتُمْ |
قُلْتُمَا |
قُلْتَ |
Male |
قُلْتُنَّ |
قُلْتُمَا |
قُلْتِ |
Female |
قُلْنَا |
|
قُلْتُ |
Both |
*Basically it was قَاْلْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ , then ف kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.
الْمَاضِي Verb of Past Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
نَامُوْا |
نَامَا |
نَامَ |
Male |
نِمْنَ * |
نَامَتَا |
نَامَتْ |
Female |
نِمْتُ |
نِمْتُمَا |
نِمْتَ |
Male |
نِمْتُنَّ |
نِمْتُمَا |
نِمْتِ |
Female |
نِمْنَا |
|
نِمْتُ |
Both |
**Basically it was نَاْمْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ , then ف kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.
الْمَاضِي Verb of Past Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
بَاعُوْا |
بَاعَا |
بَاعَ |
Male |
بِعْنَ |
بَاعَتَا |
بَاعَتْ |
Female |
بِعْتُمْ |
بِعْتُمَا |
بِعْتَ |
Male |
بِعْتُنَّ |
بِعْتُمَا |
بِعْتِ |
Female |
بِعْنَا |
|
بِعْتُ |
Both |
Let’s see the conversion from past tense to present tense
الْمُضَارِعُ |
<< Change << |
الْمَاضِي |
يَقْوُلُ > يَقُوْلُ يَخْاَفُ > يَخَافُ يَسْيِرُ > يَسِيْرُ |
For convenience to pronounce, ‘sukoon’ and ‘harakat’ will change their position |
(قَالَ (قَوَلَ (خَافَ (خَوِفَ (سَارَ (سَيَرَ |
الْمُضَارِعُ Verb of Present Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
يَجِيْئُوْنَ |
يَجِيْئَانِ |
يَجِيْءُ |
Male |
يَجِئْنَ |
تَجِيْئَانِ |
تَجِيْءُ |
Female |
تَجِيْئُوْنَ |
تَجِيْئَانِ |
تَجِيْءُ |
Male |
تَجِئْنَ |
تَجِيْئَانِ |
تَجِيْئِيْنَ |
Female |
نَجِيْءُ |
|
أَجِيْءُ |
Both |
الْمُضَارِعُ Verb of Present Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
يَقُوْلُوْنَ |
يَقُوْلاَنِ |
يَقُوْلُ |
Male |
يَقُلْنَ |
تَقُوْلاَنِ |
تَقُوْلُ |
Female |
تَقُوْلُوْنَ |
تَقُوْلاَنِ |
تَقُوْلُ |
Male |
تَقُلْنَ |
تَقُوْلاَنِ |
تَقُوْلِيْنَ |
Female |
نَقُوْلُ |
|
أَقُوْلُ |
Both |
الْمُضَارِعُ Verb of Present Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
يَنَامُوْنَ |
يَنَامَانِ |
يَنَامُ |
Male |
يَنَمْنَ |
تَنَامَانِ |
تَنَامُ |
Female |
تَنَامُوْنَ |
تَنَامَانِ |
تَنَامُ |
Male |
تَنَمْنَ |
تَنَامَانِ |
تَنَامِيْنَ |
Female |
نَنَامُ |
|
أَنَامُ |
Both |
الْمُضَارِعُ Verb of Present Tense |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
يَبِيْعُوْنَ |
يَبِيْعَانِ |
يَبِيْعُ |
Male |
يَبِعْنَ |
تَبِيْعَانِ |
تَبِيْعُ |
Female |
تَبِيْعُوْنَ |
تَبِيْعَانِ |
تَبِيْعُ |
Male |
تَبِعْنَ |
تَبِيْعَانِ |
تَبِيْعِيْنَ |
Female |
نَبِيْعُ |
|
أَبِيْعُ |
Both |
converting الْأَجْوَفُ verb from present tense to command:
أَمْرٌ |
<< Change << |
الْمُضَارِعُ |
قُوْلْ > قُلْ سِيْرْ > سِرْ خَافْ > خَفْ |
In this case, no hamzatul wasil will be introduced because if the harfu mudaria is omitted there is no difficulty in pronunciation. And to prevent the joining of two ‘sukoon,’ the weak letter will be omitted. |
تَقُوْلُ تَسِيْرُ تَخَافُ |
أَمْرٌ Command |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
قُوْلُوْا |
قُوْلَا |
قُلْ |
Male |
قُلْنَ |
قُوْلَا |
قُوْلِيْ |
Female |
نَهِيْ Prohibition |
|||
لَا تَقُوْلُوْا |
لَا تَقُوْلَا |
لَا تَقُلْ |
Male |
لَا تَقُلْنَ |
لَا تَقُوْلَا |
لَا تَقُوْلِيْ |
Female |
أَمْرٌ Command |
|||
Plural |
Dual |
Singular |
|
جِئُوْا |
جِئَا |
جِئْ |
Male |
جِئْنَ |
جِئَا |
جِئِيْ |
Female |
نَهِيْ Prohibition |
|||
لا تَجِئُوْا |
لا تَجِئَا |
لا تَجِئْ |
Male |
لا تَجِئْنَ |
لا تَجِئَا |
لا تَجِئِيْ |
Female |
Example of ajwaf verb-
الْمَصْدَرُ |
أَمْرٌ |
الْمُضَارِعُ |
الْمَاضِي |
Verb |
تَوْبَةٌ |
تُبْ |
يَتُوبُ |
تَابَ |
to repent |
ذَوْقٌ |
ذُقْ |
يَذُوقُ |
ذَاقَ |
to taste |
فَوْزٌ |
فُزْ |
يَفُوزُ |
فَازَ |
to become successful |
قَوْلٌ |
قُلْ |
يَقُولُ |
قَالَ * |
to say |
قِيَامٌ، قَوْمَةٌ |
قُمْ |
يَقُومُ |
قَامَ |
to stand |
كَوْنٌ |
كُنْ |
يَكُونُ |
كَانَ * |
be |
مَوْتٌ |
مُتْ |
يَمُوتُ |
مَاتَ |
to die |
خَوْفٌ |
خَفْ |
يَخَافُ |
خَافَ |
to fear |
كَوْدٌ |
كَدْ |
يَكَادُ |
كَادَ |
almost done |
كَيْدٌ |
كِدْ |
يَكِيدُ |
كَادَ |
to plot |
زِيَادَةٌ |
زِدْ |
يَزِيدُ |
زَادَ * |
to increase |
بَيْعٌ |
بِعْ |
يَبِيْعُ |
بَاعَ |
to sell |
سَيْرٌ |
سِرْ |
يَسِيْرُ |
سَارَ |
to walk |
عَيْشٌ |
عِشْ |
يَعِيْشُ |
عَاشَ |
to live |
غِيَابٌ |
غِبْ |
يَغِيْبُ |
غَابَ |
to be absent |
عِيَاذٌ |
عُذْ |
يَعُوذُ |
عَاذَ |
to seek refuge |
كَيْلٌ |
كِلْ |
يَكِيْلُ |
كَالَ |
To measure |
زِيَارَةٌ |
زُرْ |
يَزُوْرُ |
زَارَ |
to inspect |
طَوْفٌ |
طُفْ |
يَطُوْفُ |
طَافَ |
to go round |
Quranic Example:
Allah said, “O Adam! Inform them of their names. 2:33 |
قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ |
They said, " Allah forbid! In no way do we know any odious (deeds) against him. 12:51 |
قُلْنَ حَاشَ لِلَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِن سُوءٍ |
Verily, before that, they indulged in luxury. 56:45 |
إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ |
Except for those who repent and correct themselves and make evident [what they concealed]. Those - I will accept their repentance. 2:160 |
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ |
When Moses had completed the term and was travelling with his family, he spotted a fire on the side of Mount Ṭûr. 28:29 |
فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ آنَسَ مِن جَانِبِ الطُّورِ نَارًا |
Truly! They were young men who believed in their Lord (Allah), and We increased them in guidance. 18:13 |
إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ آمَنُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَاهُمْ هُدًى |
So, when they adopted deviation, Allah let their hearts become deviate. 61:5 |
فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ |
Have the stories of those who disbelieved before not reached you pagans? They tasted the evil consequences of their doings. 64:5 |
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن قَبْلُ فَذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ |
until you end up in your graves. 102:2 |
حَتَّىٰ زُرْتُمُ الْمَقَابِرَ |
Then, whoever fears unfairness or vice from a testator, so he makes things righteous among them, (i.e., reconciles the parties) then no vice will be upon him. 2:182 |
فَمَنْ خَافَ مِن مُّوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ |
then, when you fear for his safety, put him in the river: do not be afraid, and do not grieve. 28:7 |
فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي ۖ |
Now you have come with the truth.” Yet they still slaughtered it hesitantly! 2:71 |
قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ |
When we die and are dust and bones, will we surely be made to rise again indeed? 37:16 |
أَإِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ |
Verily, those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers, it is they on whom is the Curse of Allah and of the angels and of mankind, combined. 2:161 |
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ |
Whenever there cometh down a sura, some of them say: "Which of you has had His faith increased by it?" Yea, those who believe,- their faith is increased and they do rejoice. 9:124 |
وَإِذَا مَا أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَٰذِهِ إِيمَانًا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ |
When a group of them said, “Why do you exhort a people. 7:164 |
وَإِذْ قَالَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِّنْهُمْ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا |
Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Daybreak. 113:1 |
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ |
But he who comes to you running. 80:8 |
وَأَمَّا مَن جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ |
Therein they will have whatever they decide on, and close to Us there is utmost increase. 50:35 |
لَهُم مَّا يَشَاءُونَ فِيهَا وَلَدَيْنَا مَزِيدٌ |
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