الْأَجْوَفُ verb where the ع kalima is weak. It means 2nd letter is   و  or ي . In written form  و and ي  is changed with  ا (alif). Example:

(خَافَ (خَوِفَ

(نَامَ (نَوِمَ

(سَارَ (سَيَرَ

(قَالَ (قَوَلَ

He feared

He slept

He walked

He said

 

Let’s see its 14 structures,

الْمَاضِي  Past Tense of Verb

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

جَاؤُوْا

جَاءَا

جَاءَ

Male

جِئْنَ *  

جَاءَتَا

جَاءَتْ

Female

جِئْتُمْ

جِئْتُمَا

جِئْتَ

Male

جِئْتُنَّ

جِئْتُمَا

جِئْتِ

Female

جِئْنَا

 

جِئْتُ

Both

*Basically it was  جَاْئْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ , then ف  kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.

 

الْمَاضِي Verb of Past Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

قَالُوْا

قَالاَ

قَالَ

Male

قُلْنَ *

قَالَتَا

قَالَتْ

Female

قُلْتُمْ

قُلْتُمَا

قُلْتَ

Male

قُلْتُنَّ

قُلْتُمَا

قُلْتِ

Female

قُلْنَا

 

قُلْتُ

Both

*Basically it was  قَاْلْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ , then ف  kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.

 

الْمَاضِي Verb of Past Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

نَامُوْا

نَامَا

نَامَ

Male

نِمْنَ *

نَامَتَا

نَامَتْ

Female

نِمْتُ

نِمْتُمَا

نِمْتَ

Male

نِمْتُنَّ

نِمْتُمَا

نِمْتِ

Female

نِمْنَا

 

نِمْتُ

Both

**Basically it was نَاْمْنَ. To prevent the difficulty due to two sukoon, the weak letter is omitted. If the bab isنَصَرَ  , then ف  kalima will have ‘pesh’ otherwise it will have ‘jer’.

 

الْمَاضِي  Verb of Past Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

بَاعُوْا

بَاعَا

بَاعَ

Male

بِعْنَ  

بَاعَتَا

بَاعَتْ

Female

بِعْتُمْ

بِعْتُمَا  

بِعْتَ  

Male

بِعْتُنَّ

بِعْتُمَا  

بِعْتِ  

Female

بِعْنَا

 

بِعْتُ  

Both

 

 Let’s see the conversion from past tense to present tense

الْمُضَارِعُ

<< Change <<

الْمَاضِي

يَقْوُلُ > يَقُوْلُ

يَخْاَفُ > يَخَافُ

يَسْيِرُ > يَسِيْرُ

For convenience to pronounce, ‘sukoon’ and ‘harakat’ will change their position

(قَالَ (قَوَلَ

(خَافَ (خَوِفَ

(سَارَ (سَيَرَ

 

الْمُضَارِعُ  Verb of Present Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

يَجِيْئُوْنَ

يَجِيْئَانِ

يَجِيْءُ

Male

يَجِئْنَ

تَجِيْئَانِ

تَجِيْءُ

Female

تَجِيْئُوْنَ

تَجِيْئَانِ

تَجِيْءُ

Male

تَجِئْنَ

تَجِيْئَانِ

تَجِيْئِيْنَ

Female

نَجِيْءُ

 

أَجِيْءُ

Both

 

الْمُضَارِعُ   Verb of Present Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

يَقُوْلُوْنَ

يَقُوْلاَنِ

يَقُوْلُ

Male

يَقُلْنَ

تَقُوْلاَنِ

تَقُوْلُ

Female

تَقُوْلُوْنَ

تَقُوْلاَنِ

تَقُوْلُ

Male

تَقُلْنَ

تَقُوْلاَنِ

تَقُوْلِيْنَ

Female

نَقُوْلُ

 

أَقُوْلُ

Both

 

الْمُضَارِعُ   Verb of Present Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

يَنَامُوْنَ

يَنَامَانِ

يَنَامُ

Male

يَنَمْنَ

تَنَامَانِ

تَنَامُ

Female

تَنَامُوْنَ

تَنَامَانِ

تَنَامُ

Male

تَنَمْنَ

تَنَامَانِ

تَنَامِيْنَ

Female

نَنَامُ

 

أَنَامُ

Both

 

الْمُضَارِعُ   Verb of Present Tense

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

يَبِيْعُوْنَ

يَبِيْعَانِ

يَبِيْعُ

Male

يَبِعْنَ

تَبِيْعَانِ

تَبِيْعُ

Female

تَبِيْعُوْنَ

تَبِيْعَانِ

تَبِيْعُ

Male

تَبِعْنَ

تَبِيْعَانِ

تَبِيْعِيْنَ

Female

نَبِيْعُ

 

أَبِيْعُ

Both

 

converting الْأَجْوَفُ verb from present tense to command:

أَمْرٌ

<< Change <<

الْمُضَارِعُ

قُوْلْ > قُلْ

سِيْرْ > سِرْ

خَافْ > خَفْ

In this case, no hamzatul wasil will be introduced because if the harfu mudaria is omitted there is no difficulty in pronunciation. And to prevent the joining of two ‘sukoon,’ the weak letter will be omitted.  

تَقُوْلُ

تَسِيْرُ

تَخَافُ

 

أَمْرٌ  Command

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

قُوْلُوْا

قُوْلَا

قُلْ

Male

قُلْنَ

قُوْلَا

قُوْلِيْ

Female

نَهِيْ  Prohibition

لَا تَقُوْلُوْا

لَا تَقُوْلَا

لَا تَقُلْ

Male

لَا تَقُلْنَ

لَا تَقُوْلَا

لَا تَقُوْلِيْ

Female

 

أَمْرٌ  Command

Plural

Dual

Singular

 

جِئُوْا

جِئَا

جِئْ

Male

جِئْنَ

جِئَا

جِئِيْ

Female

 

نَهِيْ  Prohibition

لا تَجِئُوْا

لا تَجِئَا

لا تَجِئْ

Male

لا تَجِئْنَ

لا تَجِئَا

لا تَجِئِيْ

Female

 

 Example of ajwaf verb-

الْمَصْدَرُ

أَمْرٌ

الْمُضَارِعُ

الْمَاضِي

Verb

تَوْبَةٌ

تُبْ

يَتُوبُ

تَابَ

to repent

ذَوْقٌ

ذُقْ

يَذُوقُ

ذَاقَ

to taste

فَوْزٌ

فُزْ

يَفُوزُ

فَازَ

to become successful

قَوْلٌ

قُلْ

يَقُولُ

قَالَ *

to say

قِيَامٌ، قَوْمَةٌ

قُمْ

يَقُومُ

قَامَ

to stand

كَوْنٌ

كُنْ

يَكُونُ

كَانَ *

be

مَوْتٌ

مُتْ

يَمُوتُ

مَاتَ

to die

خَوْفٌ

خَفْ

يَخَافُ

خَافَ

to fear

كَوْدٌ

كَدْ

يَكَادُ

كَادَ

almost done

كَيْدٌ

كِدْ

يَكِيدُ

كَادَ

to plot

زِيَادَةٌ

زِدْ

يَزِيدُ

زَادَ *

to increase

بَيْعٌ

بِعْ

يَبِيْعُ

بَاعَ

to sell

سَيْرٌ

سِرْ

يَسِيْرُ

سَارَ

to walk

عَيْشٌ

عِشْ

يَعِيْشُ

عَاشَ

to live

غِيَابٌ

غِبْ

يَغِيْبُ

غَابَ

to be absent

عِيَاذٌ

عُذْ

يَعُوذُ

عَاذَ

to seek refuge

كَيْلٌ

كِلْ

يَكِيْلُ

كَالَ

To measure

زِيَارَةٌ

زُرْ

يَزُوْرُ

زَارَ

to inspect

طَوْفٌ

طُفْ

يَطُوْفُ

طَافَ

to go round

 

Quranic Example:

Allah said, “O Adam! Inform them of their names. 2:33

قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ

They said, " Allah forbid! In no way do we know any odious (deeds) against him. 12:51

قُلْنَ حَاشَ لِلَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِن سُوءٍ

Verily, before that, they indulged in luxury. 56:45

إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُتْرَفِينَ

Except for those who repent and correct themselves and make evident [what they concealed]. Those - I will accept their repentance. 2:160

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَبَيَّنُوا فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ

When Moses had completed the term and was travelling with his family, he spotted a fire on the side of Mount Ṭûr. 28:29

فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى الْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِ آنَسَ مِن جَانِبِ الطُّورِ نَارًا

Truly! They were young men who believed in their Lord (Allah), and We increased them in guidance. 18:13

إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ آمَنُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَاهُمْ هُدًى

So, when they adopted deviation, Allah let their hearts become deviate. 61:5

فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ

Have the stories of those who disbelieved before not reached you pagans? They tasted the evil consequences of their doings. 64:5

أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن قَبْلُ فَذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ

until you end up in your graves. 102:2

حَتَّىٰ زُرْتُمُ الْمَقَابِرَ

Then, whoever fears unfairness or vice from a testator, so he makes things righteous among them, (i.e., reconciles the parties) then no vice will be upon him. 2:182

فَمَنْ خَافَ مِن مُّوصٍ جَنَفًا أَوْ إِثْمًا فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ

then, when you fear for his safety, put him in the river: do not be afraid, and do not grieve. 28:7

فَإِذَا خِفْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَلْقِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ وَلَا تَخَافِي وَلَا تَحْزَنِي ۖ

Now you have come with the truth.” Yet they still slaughtered it hesitantly! 2:71

قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ

When we die and are dust and bones, will we surely be made to rise again indeed? 37:16

أَإِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابًا وَعِظَامًا أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ

Verily, those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers, it is they on whom is the Curse of Allah and of the angels and of mankind, combined. 2:161

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ

Whenever there cometh down a sura, some of them say: "Which of you has had His faith increased by it?" Yea, those who believe,- their faith is increased and they do rejoice. 9:124

وَإِذَا مَا أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَٰذِهِ إِيمَانًا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ

When a group of them said, “Why do you exhort a people. 7:164

وَإِذْ قَالَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِّنْهُمْ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا

Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Daybreak. 113:1

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ

But he who comes to you running. 80:8

وَأَمَّا مَن جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ

Therein they will have whatever they decide on, and close to Us there is utmost increase. 50:35

لَهُم مَّا يَشَاءُونَ فِيهَا وَلَدَيْنَا مَزِيدٌ

 

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